華盛頓演講稿(6篇)

第1篇 蘋果ceo庫克華盛頓大學(xué)2022畢業(yè)英語演講稿

thank you very much president knapp for that kind intro. ale_, trustees, faculty and deans of the university, my fellow honorees, and especially you the class of 2022. yes.

congratulations to you, to your family, to your friends that are attending today's ceremony. you made it. it's a privilege, a rare privilege of a lifetime to be with you today. and i think thank you enough for making me an honorary colonial.

before i begin today, they asked me to make a standard announcement. you’ve heard this before. about silencing your phones. those of you with an iphone, just place it in silent mode. if you don't have an iphone, please pass it to the center aisle. apple has a world?class recycling program.

you know, this is really an amazing place. and for a lot of you, i’m sure that being here in washington, the very center of our democracy, was a big draw when you were choosing which school to go to. this place has a powerful pull. it was here that dr. martin luther king challenged americans to make real the promises of democracy, to make justice a reality for all of god's children.

and it was here that president ronald reagan called on us to believe in ourselves and to believe in our capacity to perform great deeds. i'd like to start this morning by telling you about my first visit here. in the summer of 1977 ?? yes, i’m a little old ?? i was 16 years old and living in robertsdale, the small town in southern alabama that i grew up in. at the end of my junior year of high school i’d won an essay contest sponsored by the national rural electric association. i can't remember what the essay was about, what i do remember very clearly is writing it by hand, draft after draft after draft. typewriters were very e_pensive and my family could not afford one.

i was one of two kids from baldwin county that was chosen to go to washington along with hundreds of other kids across the country. before we left, the alabama delegation took a trip to our state capitol in montgomery for a meeting with the governor. the governor's name was george c. wallace. the same george wallace who in 1963 stood in the schoolhouse door at the university of alabama to block african americans from enrolling. wallace embraced the evils of segregation. he pitted whites against blacks, the south against the north, the working class against the so?called elites. meeting my governor was not an honor for me.

my heroes in life were dr. martin luther king, and robert f. kennedy, who had fought against the very things that wallace stood for. keep in mind, that i grew up, or, when i grew up, i grew up in a place where king and kennedy were not e_actly held in high esteem. when i was a kid, the south was still coming to grips with its history. my te_tbooks even said the civil war was about states’ rights. they barely mentioned slavery.

so i had to figure out for myself what was right and true. it was a search. it was a process. it drew on the moral sense that i’d learned from my parents, and in church, and in my own heart, and led me on my own journey of discovery. i found books in the public library that they probably didn't know they had. they all pointed to the fact that wallace was wrong. that injustices like segregation had no place in our world. that equality is a right.

as i said, i was only 16 when i met governor wallace, so i shook his hand as we were e_pected to do. but shaking his hand felt like a betrayal of my own beliefs. it felt wrong. like i was selling a piece of my soul.

from montgomery we flew to washington. it was the first time i had ever been on an airplane. in fact it was the first time that i traveled out of the south. on june 15, 1977, i was one of 900 high schoolers greeted by the new president, president jimmy carter, on the south lawn of the white house, right there on the other side of the ellipse. i was one of the lucky ones, who got to shake his hand. carter saw baldwin county on my name tag that day and stopped to speak with me. he wanted to know how people were doing after the rash of storms that struck alabama that year. carter was kind and compassionate; he held the most powerful job in the world but he had not sacrificed any of his humanity. i felt proud that he was president. and i felt proud that he was from the south. in the space of a week, i had come face to face with two men who guaranteed themselves a place in history. they came from the same region. they were from the same political party. they were both governors of adjoining states. but they looked at the world in very different ways. it was clear to me, that one was right, and one was wrong. wallace had built his political career by e_ploiting divisions between us. carter's message on the other hand, was that we are all bound together, every one of us. each had made a journey that led them to the values that they lived by, but it wasn't just about their e_periences or their circumstances, it had to come from within.

my own journey in life was just beginning. i hadn't even applied for college yet at that point. for you graduates, the process of discovering yourself, of inventing yourself, of reinventing yourself is about to begin in earnest. it's about finding your values and committing to live by them. you have to find your north star. and that means choices. some are easy. some are hard. and some will make you question everything. twenty years after my visit to washington, i met someone who made me question everything. who upended all of my assumptions in the very best way. that was steve jobs.

steve had built a successful company. he had been sent away and he returned to find it in ruins. he didn't know it at the time, but he was about to dedicate the rest of his life to rescuing it, and leading it to heights greater than anyone could ever imagine. anyone, that is, e_cept for steve. most people have forgotten, but in 1997 and early 1998, apple had been adrift for years. rudderless. but steve thought apple could be great again. and he wanted to know if i’d like to help.

his vision for apple was a company that turned powerful technology into tools that were easy to use, tools that would help people realize their dreams. and change the world for the better. i had studied to be an engineer and earned an m.b.a. i was trained to be pragmatic, a problem solver. now i found myself sitting before and listening to this very animated 40?something guy with visions of changing the world. it was not what i had e_pected. you see, when it came to my career, in 1998, i was also adrift. rudderless.

i knew who i was in my personal life, and i kept my eye on my north star, my responsibility to do good for someone else, other than myself. but at work, well i always figured that work was work. values had their place and, yes, there were things that i wanted to change about the world, but i thought i had to do that on my own time. not in the office. steve didn't see it that way. he was an idealist. and in that way he reminded me of how i felt as a teenager. in that first meeting he convinced me if we worked hard and made great products, we too could help change the world. and to my surprise, i was hooked. i took the job and changed my life. it's been 17 years and i have never once looked back.

at apple we believe the work should be more than just about improving your own self. it's about improving the lives of others as well. our products do amazing things. and just as steve envisioned, they empower people all over the world. people who are blind, and need information read to them because they can't see the screen. people for whom technology is a lifeline because they are isolated by distance or disability. people who witness target=_blank class=infote_tkey>;witness injustice and want to e_pose it, and now they can because they have a camera in their pocket all the time.

our commitment goes beyond the products themselves to how they’re made. to our impact on the environment. to the role we play in demanding and promoting equality. and in improving education. we believe that a company that has values and acts on them can really change the world. and an individual can too. that can be you. that must be you. graduates, your values matter. they are your north star. and work takes on new meaning when you feel you are pointed in the right direction. otherwise, it's just a job, and life is too short for that. we need the best and brightest of your generation to lead in government and in business. in the science and in the arts. in journalism and in academia. there is honor in all of these pursuits. and there is opportunity to do work that is infused with moral purpose. you don't have to choose between doing good and doing well. it's a false choice, today more than ever.

your challenge is to find work that pays the rent, puts food on the table, and lets you do what is right and good and just.

so find your north star. let it guide you in life, and work, and in your life's work. now, i suspect some of you aren't buying this. i won't take it personally. it's no surprise that people are skeptical, especially here in washington. where these days you’ve got plenty of reason to be. and a healthy amount of skepticism is fine. though too often in this town, it turns to cynicism. to the idea that no matter who’s talking or what they’re saying, that their motives are questionable, their character is suspect, and if you search hard enough, you can prove that they are lying. maybe that's just the world we live in. but graduates, this is your world to change.

as i said, i am a proud son of the south. it's my home, and i will always love it. but for the last 17 years i’ve built a life in silicon valley; it's a special place. the kind of place where there’s no problem that can't be solved. no matter how difficult or comple_, that's part of its essential quality. a very sincere sort of optimism. back in the 90s, apple ran an advertising campaign we called “think different.” it was pretty simple. every ad was a photograph of one of our heroes. people who had the audacity to challenge and change the way we all live. people like gandhi and jackie robinson, martha graham and albert einstein, amelia earhart and miles davis. these people still inspire us. they remind us to live by our deepest values and reach for our highest aspirations. they make us believe that anything is possible. a friend of mine at apple likes to say the best way to solve a problem is to walk into a room full of apple engineers and proclaim, “this is impossible.”

i can tell you, they will not accept that. and neither should you. so that's the one thing i’d like to bring to you all the way from cupertino, california. the idea that great progress is possible, whatever line of work you choose. there will always be cynics and critics on the sidelines tearing people down, and just as harmful are those people with good intentions who make no contribution at all. in his letter from the birmingham jail, dr. king wrote that our society needed to repent, not merely for the hateful words of the bad people, but for the appalling silence of the good people.

the sidelines are not where you want to live your life. the world needs you in the arena. there are problems that need to be solved. injustices that need to be ended. people that are still being persecuted, diseases still in need of cure. no matter what you do ne_t, the world needs your energy. your passion. your impatience with progress. don't shrink from risk. and tune out those critics and cynics. history rarely yields to one person, but think, and never forget, what happens when it does. that can be you. that should be you. that must be you.

congratulations class of 2022. i’d like to take one photo of you, because this is the best view in the world. and it's a great one.

thank you very much.

第2篇 布什在華盛頓連任美國總統(tǒng)英語演講稿

president bush:

thank you all. thank you all for coming.

we had a long night -- (laughter) -- and a great night. (cheers, applause.) the voters turned out in record numbers and delivered an historic victory. (cheers, applause.)

earlier today, senator kerry called with his congratulations. we had a really good phone call. he was very gracious.

senator kerry waged a spirited campaign, and he and his supporters can be proud of their efforts. (applause.)

laura and i wish senator kerry and teresa and their whole family all our best wishes.

america has spoken, and im humbled by the trust and the confidence of my fellow citizens. with that trust comes a duty to serve all americans, and i will do my best to fulfill that duty every day as your president. (cheers, applause.)

there are many people to thank, and my family comes first. (cheers, applause.) laura is the love of my life. (cheers, applause.) im glad you love her, too. (laughter.)

i want to thank our daughters, who joined their dad for his last campaign. (cheers, applause.) i appreciate the hard work of my sister and my brothers. i especially want to thank my parents for their loving support. (cheers, applause.)

im grateful to the vice president and lynne and their daughters, who have worked so hard and been such a vital part of our team. (cheers, applause.)

the vice president serves america with wisdom and honor, and im proud to serve beside him. (cheers, applause.)

i want to thank my superb campaign team. i want to thank you all for your hard work. (cheers, applause.) i was impressed every day by how hard and how skillful our team was.

i want to thank chairman mark racicot and -- (cheers, applause) -- the campaign manager ken mehlman -- (cheers, applause) – the architect, karl rove. (cheers, applause.) i want to thank ed gillespie for leading our party so well. (cheers, applause.)

i want to thank the thousands of our supporters across our country. i want to thank you for your hugs on the rope lines. i want to thank you for your prayers on the rope lines. i want to thank you for your kind words on the rope lines. i want to thank you for everything you did to make the calls and to put up the signs, to talk to your neighbors, and to get out the vote. (cheers, applause.)

and because you did the incredible work, we are celebrating today. (cheers, applause.)

theres an old saying, 'do not pray for tasks equal to your powers, pray for powers equal to your tasks.' in four historic years, america has been given great tasks and faced them with strength and courage. our people have restored the vigor of this economy and shown resolve and patience in a new kind of war. our military has brought justice to the enemy and honor to america. (cheers, applause.) our nation -- our nation has defended itself and served the freedom of all mankind. im proud to lead such an amazing country, and i am proud to lead it forward. (applause.)

because we have done the hard work, we are entering a season of hope. we will continue our economic progress. we will reform our outdated ta_ code. we will strengthen the social security for the ne_t generation.

we will make public schools all they can be, and we will uphold our deepest values of family and faith.

we will help the emerging democracies of iraq and afghanistan -- (cheers, applause) -- so they can -- so they can grow in strength and defend their freedom, and then our servicemen and -women will come home with the honor they have earned. (cheers, applause.)

with good allies at our side, we will fight this war on terror with every resource of our national power so our children can live in freedom and in peace. (cheers, applause.)

reaching these goals will require the broad support of americans, so today i want to speak to every person who voted for my opponent. to make this nation stronger and better, i will need your support and i will work to earn it. i will do all i can do to deserve your trust.

a new term is a new opportunity to reach out to the whole nation. we have one country, one constitution, and one future that binds us. and when we come together and work together, there is no limit to the greatness of america. (cheers, applause.)

let me close with a word to the people of the state of te_as. (cheers, applause.) we have known each other the longest, and you started me on this journey. on the open plains of te_as, i first learned the character of our country; sturdy and honest, and as hopeful as the break of day. i will always be grateful to the good people of my state. and whatever the road that lies ahead, that road will take me home.

a campaign has ended, and the united states of america goes forward with confidence and faith. i see a great day coming for our country, and i am eager for the work ahead.

god bless you. and may god bless america. (cheers, applause.)

布什:

此次選民的投票率創(chuàng)下了歷史新高，帶來了歷史性的勝利。今天早些時(shí)候，克里參議員打電話祝賀我競選成功。我們在電話中談得挺好，他非常親切。克里參議員發(fā)起了猛烈的競選攻勢，他和他的支持者可以為此感到自豪。勞拉和我向克里、特里薩以及他們?nèi)冶硎咀钪孕牡淖Ｔ浮?/p>

美國做出了選擇。對于同胞們的信任，我很感激。這種信任意味著我將承擔(dān)為所有美國公民服務(wù)的義務(wù)。作為你們的總統(tǒng)，我每天都將竭盡全力。

我需要感謝許多人，首先是我的家人。勞拉是我一生的摯愛，我對你們也愛她感到高興。我還要感謝在競選后期加入競選團(tuán)的女兒，感謝兄弟姐妹們付出的努力，特別感謝嚴(yán)父慈母的支持。

我感謝副總統(tǒng)、(他的夫人)萊尼和他們的女兒。他們付出了努力，是競選團(tuán)的重要成員。副總統(tǒng)聰明睿智、正直高貴，我為跟他共事感到自豪。

我感謝優(yōu)秀的競選團(tuán)，感謝你們所有人付出的努力。你們的勤奮和智慧每天都給我留下了深刻的印象。

我感謝全國上下成千上萬名支持者，感謝你們在競選集會(huì)上的擁抱、祈禱和親切言語，感謝你們想方設(shè)法打出標(biāo)語，呼吁鄰居前去投票。

正是由于你們付出了驚人的努力，我們今天才能慶祝勝利。

俗話說，不要祈求能力所能勝任的任務(wù)，要祈求能勝任任務(wù)的能力。在四年歷史性時(shí)期，美國被賦予了偉大的任務(wù)，并以實(shí)力和勇氣面對這些任務(wù)。我國人民使經(jīng)濟(jì)活力復(fù)蘇，并在新型戰(zhàn)爭中顯示出決心和耐心。我軍已經(jīng)將敵人繩之以法，給美國帶來了榮譽(yù)。我國保衛(wèi)了自己，維護(hù)了全人類的自由。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)這樣出色的國家，我感到自豪;帶領(lǐng)這個(gè)國家前進(jìn)，我感到自豪。

我們已經(jīng)完成了艱難的任務(wù)，進(jìn)入了充滿希望的時(shí)期。我們將繼續(xù)推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長，改革落后的稅法，為下一代加強(qiáng)社會(huì)保障。我們將盡量改善公立學(xué)校，維護(hù)在家庭和信仰方面的核心價(jià)值觀。

我們將幫助伊拉克和阿富汗建立民主制度……，以便他們增強(qiáng)實(shí)力和維護(hù)自由。然后，我軍官兵將帶著他們獲得的榮譽(yù)回國。在優(yōu)秀盟國的支持下，我們將動(dòng)用美國的一切力量打贏這場反恐戰(zhàn)爭，確保我們的孩子們的自由與和平。 要實(shí)現(xiàn)這些目標(biāo)，美國公民的廣泛支持是必不可缺的。因此今天，我要對支持對手的所有人說，為了讓美國變得更強(qiáng)大更美好，我需要你們的支持，我也將努力獲得你們的支持，并將竭盡所能以擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)闷鹉銈兊闹С帧?/p>

新一屆任期使我有機(jī)會(huì)影響整個(gè)國家。正是同一個(gè)國家、同一部憲法和同一個(gè)未來把我們聯(lián)系到了一起。當(dāng)我們一起努力的時(shí)候，美國的前途無可限量。

作為結(jié)束語，請?jiān)试S我向得克薩斯州人民講幾句話：我們彼此認(rèn)識的時(shí)間最長，你們是我旅程的起點(diǎn)。在得州廣闊無垠的平原上，我初次學(xué)到了美國的特點(diǎn)：強(qiáng)壯有力、真誠坦率，充滿了黎明般的希望。我將永遠(yuǎn)感謝這個(gè)州的優(yōu)秀人民。不管前方的路怎么樣，這條路都將帶我回家。

選舉已經(jīng)結(jié)束，美利堅(jiān)合眾國將充滿自信地前進(jìn)。我看到我們的國家正迎來偉大的日子，很期待下一周的開始。

愿上帝保佑你們，保佑美國!

第3篇 伯恩斯在華盛頓大學(xué)圣路易斯分校2022畢業(yè)典禮上的英語演講稿

chancellor wrighton, members of the board of trustees and the administration, distinguished faculty, class of 1965, hard-working staff, my fellow honorees, proud and relieved parents, calm and serene grandparents, distracted but secretly pleased siblings, ladies and gentlemen, boys and girls, graduating students, good morning. i am deeply honored that you have asked me here to say a few words at this momentous occasion, that you might find what i have to say worthy of your attention on so important a day at this remarkable institution.

it had been my intention this morning to parcel out some good advice at the end of theseremarks – the 'goodness' of that being of course subjective in the e_treme – but then irealized that this is the land of mark twain, and i came to the conclusion that anycommentary today ought to be framed in the sublime shadow of this quote of his: 'it's notthat the world is full of fools, it's just that lightening isn't distributed right.' … more on mr.twain later.

i am in the business of history. it is my job to try to discern some patterns and themes fromthe past to help us interpret our dizzyingly confusing and sometimes dismaying present.without a knowledge of that past, how can we possibly know where we are and, mostimportant, where we are going? over the years i've come to understand an important fact, ithink: that we are not condemned to repeat, as the cliché goes and we are fond of quoting,what we don't remember. that's a clever, even poetic phrase, but not even close to the truth.nor are there cycles of history, as the academic community periodically promotes. the bible,ecclesiastes to be specific, got it right, i think: 'what has been will be again. what has beendone will be done again. there is nothing new under the sun.'

what that means is that human nature never changes. or almost never changes. we havecontinually superimposed our comple_ and contradictory nature over the random course ofhuman events. all of our inherent strengths and weaknesses, our greed and generosity, ourpuritanism and our prurience parade before our eyes, generation after generation aftergeneration. this often gives us the impression that history does repeat itself. it doesn't. itjust rhymes, mark twain is supposed to have said…but he didn't (more on him later).

over the many years of practicing, i have come to the realization that history is not a fi_edthing, a collection of precise dates, facts and events (even cogent commencement quotes)that add up to a quantifiable, certain, confidently known, truth. it is a mysterious andmalleable thing. and each generation rediscovers and re-e_amines that part of its past thatgives its present, and most important, its future new meaning, new possibilities and new power.

listen. for most of the forty years i've been making historical documentaries, i have beenhaunted and inspired by a handful of sentences from an e_traordinary speech i came acrossearly in my professional life by a neighbor of yours just up the road in springfield, illinois. injanuary of 1838, shortly before his 29th birthday, a tall, thin lawyer, prone to bouts ofdebilitating depression, addressed the young men's lyceum. the topic that day was nationalsecurity. 'at what point shall we e_pect the approach of danger?' he asked his audience. '…shall we e_pect some transatlantic military giant to step the earth and crush us at a blow?'then he answered his own question: 'never. all the armies of europe, asia, and africa … couldnot by force take a drink from the ohio [river] or make a track on the blue ridge in a trial of athousand years … if destruction be our lot, we must ourselves be its author and finisher. as anation of freemen, we must live through all time, or die by suicide.' it is a stunning,remarkable statement.

that young man was, of course, abraham lincoln, and he would go on to preside over theclosest this country has ever come to near national suicide, our civil war – fought over themeaning of freedom in america. and yet embedded in his e_traordinary, disturbing andprescient words is a fundamental optimism that implicitly acknowledges the geographicalforce-field two mighty oceans and two relatively benign neighbors north and south haveprovided for us since the british burned the white house in the war of 1812.

we have counted on abraham lincoln for more than a century and a half to get it right whenthe undertow in the tide of those human events has threatened to overwhelm and capsize us.we always come back to him for the kind of sustaining vision of why we americans still agree tocohere, why unlike any other country on earth, we are still stitched together by words and, mostimportant, their dangerous progeny, ideas. we return to him for a sense of unity, conscienceand national purpose. to escape what the late historian arthur schlesinger, jr., said is ourproblem today: 'too much pluribus, not enough unum.'

it seems to me that lincoln gave our fragile e_periment a conscious shock that enabled it tooutgrow the monumental hypocrisy of slavery inherited at our founding and permitted us all,slave owner as well as slave, to have literally, as he put it at gettysburg, 'a new birth offreedom.'

lincoln's springfield speech also suggests what is so great and so good about the people whoinhabit this lucky and e_quisite country of ours (that's the world you now inherit): our workethic, our restlessness, our innovation and our improvisation, our communities and ourinstitutions of higher learning, our suspicion of power; the fact that we seem resolutelydedicated to parsing the meaning between individual and collective freedom; that we arededicated to understanding what thomas jefferson really meant when he wrote thatinscrutable phrase 'the pursuit of happiness.'

but ladies and gentlemen, the isolation of those two mighty oceans has also helped toincubate habits and patterns less beneficial to us: our devotion to money and guns; ourcertainty – about everything; our stubborn insistence on our own e_ceptionalism, blinding usto that which needs repair, our preoccupation with always making the other wrong, at anindividual as well as global level.

and then there is the issue of race, which was foremost on the mind of lincoln back in 1838. itis still here with us today. the jazz trumpeter wynton marsalis told me that healing thisquestion of race was what 'the kingdom needed in order to be well.' before the enormousstrides in equality achieved in statutes and laws in the 150 years since the civil war thatlincoln correctly predicted would come are in danger of being undone by our still imperfecthuman nature and by politicians who now insist on a hypocritical color-blindness – after fourcenturies of discrimination. that discrimination now takes on new, sometimes subtler, lessobvious but still malevolent forms today. the chains of slavery have been broken, thank god,and so too has the feudal dependence of sharecroppers as the vengeful jim crow era recedes(sort of) into the distant past. but now in places like – but not limited to – your otherneighbors a few miles as the crow flies from here in ferguson, we see the ghastly remnants ofour great shame emerging still, the shame lincoln thought would lead to national suicide, ourinability to see beyond the color of someone's skin. it has been with us since our founding.

when thomas jefferson wrote that immortal second sentence of the declaration that begins, 'we hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal…,' he owned more thana hundred human beings. he never saw the contradiction, he never saw the hypocrisy, andmore important never saw fit in his lifetime to free any one of those human beings, ensuring aswe went forward that the young united states – born with such glorious promise – would bebedeviled by race, that it would take a bloody, bloody civil war to even begin to redress theimbalance.

but the shame continues: prison populations e_ploding with young black men, young black menkilled almost weekly by policemen, whole communities of color burdened by corruptmunicipalities that resemble more the predatory company store of a supposedly bygone erathan a responsible local government. our cities and towns and suburbs cannot become modernplantations.

it is unconscionable, as you emerge from this privileged sanctuary, that a few miles fromhere – and nearly everywhere else in america: baltimore, new york city, north charleston,cleveland, oklahoma, sanford, florida, nearly everywhere else – we are still playing out, sadly,an utterly american story, that the same stultifying conditions and sentiments that brought onour civil war are still on such vivid and unpleasant display. today, today. there's nothingnew under the sun.

many years after our civil war, in 1883, mark twain took up writing in earnest a novel he hadstarted and abandoned several times over the last half-dozen years. it would be a different kindof story from his celebrated tom sawyer book, told this time in the plain language of hismissouri boyhood – and it would be his masterpiece.

set near here, before the civil war and emancipation, ‘the adventures of huckleberry finn' isthe story of two runaways – a white boy, tom sawyer's old friend huck, fleeing civilization, anda black man, jim, who is running away from slavery. they escape together on a raft goingdown the mississippi.the novel reaches its moral clima_ when huck is faced with a terrible choice. he believes he has committed a grievous sin in helping jim escape, and he finally writes out a letter, telling jim's owner where her runaway property can be found. huck feels good about doing this at first, he says, and marvels at 'how close i came to being lost and going to hell.'

but then he hesitates, thinking about how kind jim has been to him during their adventure. '…somehow,' huck says, 'i couldn't seem to strike no place to harden me against him, but only the other kind. i'd see him standing my watch on top of his'n, ‘stead of calling me, so i could go on sleeping; and see how glad he was when i come back out of the fog;…and such like times; and would always call me honey…and do everything he could think of for me, and how good he always was…'

then, huck remembers the letter he has written. 'i took it up, and held it in my hand,' he says. 'i was a-trembling because i'd got to decide, forever, betwi_t two things, and i knowed it. i studied a minute, sort of holding my breath, and then says to myself: ‘all right then, i'll go to hell' – and tore it up.'

that may be the finest moment in all of american literature. ernest hemingway thought all of american literature began at that moment.

twain, himself, writing after the civil war and after the collapse of reconstruction, a misunderstood period devoted to trying to enforce civil rights, was actually e_pressing his profound disappointment that racial differences still persisted in america, that racism still festered in this favored land, founded as it was on the most noble principle yet advanced by humankind – that all men are created equal. that civil war had not cleansed our original sin, a sin we continue to confront today, daily, in this supposedly enlightened 'post-racial' time.

it is into this disorienting and sometimes disappointing world that you now plummet, i'm afraid, unprotected from the shelter of family and school. you have fresh prospects and real dreams and i wish each and every one of you the very best. but i am drafting you now into a new union army that must be committed to preserving the values, the sense of humor, the sense of cohesion that have long been a part of our american nature, too. you have no choice, you've been called up, and it is your difficult, but great and challenging responsibility to help change things and set us right again.

let me apologize to you in advance on behalf of all the people up here. we broke it, but you've got to fi_ it. you're joining a movement that must be dedicated above all else – career and personal advancement – to the preservation of this country's most enduring ideals. you have to learn, and then re-teach the rest of us that equality – real equality – is the hallmark and birthright of all americans. thankfully, you will become a vanguard against a new separatism that seems to have infected our ranks, a vanguard against those forces that, in the name of our great democracy, have managed to diminish it. then, you can change human nature just a bit, to appeal, as lincoln also implored us, to appeal to 'the better angels of our nature.' that's the objective. and i know, i know you can do it.

ok. rounding third.

let me speak directly to the graduating class. (watch out. here comes the advice.)

remember: black lives matter. all lives matter.

reject fundamentalism wherever it raises its ugly head. it's not civilized. choose to live in thebedford falls of 'it's a wonderful life,' not its oppressive opposite, pottersville.

do not descend too deeply into specialism. educate all of your parts. you will be healthier.

replace cynicism with its old-fashioned antidote, skepticism.

don't confuse monetary success with e_cellence. the poet robert penn warren once warnedme that 'careerism is death.'

try not to make the other wrong.

be curious, not cool.

remember, insecurity makes liars of us all.

listen to jazz. a lot, a lot. it is our music.

read. the book is still the greatest manmade machine of all – not the car, not the tv, not thecomputer or the smartphone.

do not allow our social media to segregate us into ever smaller tribes and clans, fiercely andsometimes appropriately loyal to our group, but also capable of metastasizing into profounddistrust of the other.

serve your country. by all means serve your country. but insist that we fight the right wars.governments always forget that.

convince your government that the real threat, as lincoln knew, comes from within.governments always forget that, too. do not let your government outsource honesty,transparency or candor. do not let your government outsource democracy.

vote. elect good leaders. when he was nominated in 1936, franklin delano roosevelt said, 'better the occasional faults of a government that lives in a spirit of charity than theconsistent omissions of a government frozen in the ice of its own indifference.' we alldeserve the former. and insist on it.

insist that we support science and the arts, especially the arts. they have nothing to do withthe actual defense of the country – they just make our country worth defending.

be about the 'unum,' not the 'pluribus.'

do not lose your enthusiasm. in its greek etymology, the word enthusiasm means simply, 'god in us.'

and even though lightning still isn't distributed right, try not to be a fool. it just gets marktwain riled up a bit.

and if you ever find yourself in huck's spot, if you've 'got to decide betwi_t two things,' do theright thing. don't forget to tear up the letter. he didn't go to hell – and you won't either.

so we come to an end of something today – and for you also a very special beginning. godspeed to you all.

第4篇 世界銀行行長金辰勇在華盛頓大學(xué)英語演講稿

president knapp, dean brown, distinguished faculty, students, and guests,

史蒂文·納普校長、布朗院長、尊敬的各位老師、同學(xué)們、各位來賓：

thank you for hosting me here today. it is a privilege to be with you to talk about the challenges before us in the world – and how the world bank group is working to become as effective as possible in improving the lives of the poor and vulnerable.

感謝各位今天的接待。我很榮幸來到這里，談一談我們在世界上面臨的挑戰(zhàn)，以及世界銀行集團(tuán)如何竭盡全力有效地改善貧困和弱勢人群的生活。

when we look across the world today and think about the most pressing issues, the ongoing fiscal uncertainty in the united states greatly concerns us. our hope is that policymakers resolve these issues soon. this uncertainty, combined with other sources of volatility in the global economy, could do great damage to emerging markets and developing countries in africa, asia, and latin america that have lifted millions of people out of poverty in recent years.

今天，當(dāng)我們縱觀世界、思考最重要的議題時(shí)，圍繞美國財(cái)政形勢的不確定性讓我們非常關(guān)注。我們希望政策制訂者們能夠盡快解決這個(gè)問題。非洲、亞洲、拉丁美洲的新興市場和發(fā)展中國家近年有千百萬人擺脫了貧困，但美國財(cái)政形勢的不確定性以及導(dǎo)致全球經(jīng)濟(jì)波動(dòng)的其他一些因素可能給它們帶來損害。

we also can’t help but focus on the upheaval that is taking place in the middle east. syria is now in its 30th month of war and the toll has been horrific. more than 100,000 people have been killed, 4 million people have been displaced and another 2 million syrians have fled and become refugees in neighboring countries, adding great burdens to jordan and lebanon in particular. the fighting continues within syria, and the impact of broken lives and broken economies only grows by the day.

我們也無法不關(guān)注中東正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)亂。敘利亞目前已進(jìn)入戰(zhàn)爭的第30個(gè)月，造成的傷亡損失令人驚懼。在戰(zhàn)亂中10多萬人被殺，400萬人流離失所，還有200萬敘利亞人逃離家園，成為鄰國的難民，尤其是給約旦和黎巴嫩帶來了沉重的負(fù)擔(dān)。敘利亞境內(nèi)戰(zhàn)亂還在繼續(xù)，對生活和經(jīng)濟(jì)造成的破壞日甚一日。

we should not avert our gaze from the middle east. the world bank group has been playing several roles. at times, we are in the backrooms with diplomats and at others we are on the frontlines with humanitarian aid workers. always, we are working with governments, or companies, or civil society groups to help build strong and sustainable foundations for development. this supports the livelihoods of millions of people in the middle east, and billions more around the world, who aspire to good jobs, a good education, and access to quality health care.

我們不應(yīng)對中東局勢視而不見。世界銀行集團(tuán)中東發(fā)揮著多種作用。有時(shí)候，我們同外交官和其他人商談?dòng)诿苁?，有時(shí)候我們同人道主義援助人員戰(zhàn)斗在前線。我們總是在和政府、或者和企業(yè)、或者和民間團(tuán)體協(xié)力合作，為發(fā)展事業(yè)建造牢固和可持續(xù)的基礎(chǔ)。這些工作支持著中東千百萬人民乃至全世界數(shù)十億人的生計(jì)——他們都希望有良好的工作、良好的教育和優(yōu)質(zhì)的醫(yī)療保健。

a critical part of our work is in countries emerging from conflict, affected by conflict, or stuck in a persistent state of fragility. as we know all too well, when a country remains in a long state of fragility, conflict often erupts. the world bank group and the wider global community need to confront the comple_ institutional and social challenges in these fragile states, because the cost of inaction is high and the reward of well-designed interventions is great. when we have the opportunity to build institutions, infrastructure, and human capacity in fragile states, or when we can put together a deal that brings in desperately needed private sector investment, we must seize it. when we fail to help countries develop in a way that is inclusive or fail to help countries build strong governance, we are all affected by the result, which is often a country engulfed in flames, as is syria today.

我們工作中非常重要的一部分是在剛結(jié)束沖突、受沖突影響或者長期陷于脆弱狀況的國家。眾所周知，當(dāng)一個(gè)國家長期處于脆弱狀況時(shí)，沖突往往一觸即發(fā)。世界銀行集團(tuán)乃至國際社會(huì)需要在這些脆弱國家直面復(fù)雜的制度和社會(huì)挑戰(zhàn)，原因是無所事事的代價(jià)高昂，而設(shè)計(jì)周密的干預(yù)措施則收效巨大。當(dāng)我們有機(jī)會(huì)在脆弱國家進(jìn)行制度、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和能力建設(shè)時(shí)，或者當(dāng)我們能夠達(dá)成一項(xiàng)協(xié)議引進(jìn)急需的私營部門投資時(shí)，我們必須抓住機(jī)遇。當(dāng)我們未能幫助國家實(shí)現(xiàn)包容性發(fā)展時(shí)，或者未能幫助國家建立強(qiáng)有力的治理結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，其后果會(huì)影響所有人——往往是一個(gè)國家陷入戰(zhàn)火，就像今天的敘利亞。

drivers of conflict

沖突的驅(qū)動(dòng)因素

in the middle east, most of the countries e_perienced relatively strong growth of 4 to 5 percent a year in the decade before the arab spring. yet serious problems were lurking below the surface. an increasingly educated young middle class was frustrated that the few available jobs were reserved for those with more connections than talent. the private sector operated by earning privileges from the state, leading to a form of crony capitalism that only helped a few, and undermined e_ports and jobs.

在中東，大多數(shù)國家在阿拉伯之春之前的2022年都經(jīng)歷過4%或5%的相對強(qiáng)勁增長。然而，外表下隱藏著嚴(yán)重的問題。年輕的中間階層受教育程度越來越高，令他們沮喪的是稀少的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)都留給了那些有關(guān)系而不是有才能的人。私營部門的運(yùn)作要依靠政府提供的特權(quán)，形成一種只有利于少數(shù)人的裙帶資本主義，對出口和就業(yè)造成破壞。

the inequities – and the anger – filtered even to the very young. when a million people poured into tahrir square in cairo in 2022 to protest their government, the children of the protesters held protests of their own in classrooms. they demanded better instruction. this is what happens when prosperity is reserved for a select few. all of those left out feel deeply, the burn of inequity.

不平等和憤怒甚至滲透到少年兒童中。2022年當(dāng)100萬人涌入開羅的解放廣場抗議政府的時(shí)候，抗議者的孩子們也在他們自己的教室舉行抗議活動(dòng)。他們要求改進(jìn)教學(xué)。當(dāng)繁榮有選擇地保留給少數(shù)人，這就是結(jié)果。所有那些被遺漏的人都深感到不公平的傷害。

the ongoing crises have left many middle eastern countries with a triple challenge. first is restoring macroeconomic stability; second is reforming their economies to meet the high e_pectations of the people who marched in the streets; and third is managing the transition to new constitutions and more open, contested, multiparty elections. these challenges would be daunting for any single country. but they have all come together in one region. that makes it all the more important for the international community to marshal its resources to support those brave women and men who risked their lives to demand the basic human dignity that is their due.

目前的危機(jī)令眾多中東國家面臨三重挑戰(zhàn)。第一是恢復(fù)宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定;第二是改革經(jīng)濟(jì)以滿足上街抗議的人民的期望;第三是管理好向新憲法和更公開的、有爭議的、多黨制的選舉過渡。這些挑戰(zhàn)對于任何一個(gè)國家都是巨大的，但三重挑戰(zhàn)同時(shí)降臨一個(gè)地區(qū)，就使得國際社會(huì)集結(jié)資源來援助這些冒著生命危險(xiǎn)要求得到應(yīng)得的基本人類尊嚴(yán)的勇敢男女們顯得愈發(fā)重要。

that also makes it important to come to the aid of jordan and lebanon today. the world bank provided $150 million in emergency aid to jordan just a few months ago, and we just completed a comprehensive economic and social impact assessment of lebanon that found the country has lost billions of dollars due to the war in syria.

這也使得今天對約旦和黎巴嫩伸出援助之手十分重要。世界銀行幾個(gè)月前向約旦提供了1.5億美元的緊急援助，我們也剛剛完成了對黎巴嫩的全面的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)影響評估，發(fā)現(xiàn)敘利亞內(nèi)戰(zhàn)導(dǎo)致黎巴嫩損失了數(shù)十億美元。

lebanon now hosts more than 760,000 syrian refugees, which could be likened to 56 million refugees entering the united states, 45 million of which would have entered since this january alone. think of the disruption. last week, i attended the un general assembly meeting of the international support group for lebanon. donors pledged some funds for the country, but we need to do much more or we risk catastrophe in lebanon.

黎巴嫩目前接待了超過76萬敘利亞難民，按人口比例來說，這相當(dāng)于美國涌入5600萬難民，而且僅僅從今年1月以后來到的就有 4500萬人。想想這會(huì)帶來什么樣的混亂。上周，我們出席了聯(lián)合國大會(huì)的黎巴嫩國際援助小組會(huì)議。各援助方承諾為黎巴嫩提供一些資金，但我們還需要做得更多，否則黎巴嫩可能會(huì)發(fā)生巨大的災(zāi)難。

our two goals

我們的兩大目標(biāo)

just si_ months ago, our board endorsed the two goals of the world bank group: the first is to end e_treme poverty by 2030; the second is to boost shared prosperity by promoting real income growth for the bottom 40 percent of the population.

僅僅半年前，我們的董事會(huì)批準(zhǔn)了世界銀行集團(tuán)的兩大目標(biāo)：第一個(gè)目標(biāo)是到2030年終結(jié)極度貧困;第二個(gè)目標(biāo)是促進(jìn)收入最低的40%的人口實(shí)際收入的增長，推動(dòng)共享繁榮。

how does this relate to the situation on the ground in the middle east and in other poor countries? the goal of ending e_treme poverty stands on its own as the moral underpinning of all that we do. the fact that more than a billion people live on less than a dollar, 25 a day in 2022 is a stain on our moral conscience. we must help lift people out of poverty without delay, without prejudice, no matter the circumstance, no matter the locale.

怎樣把這兩個(gè)目標(biāo)與中東及其他貧困國家的現(xiàn)實(shí)情況聯(lián)系起來?終結(jié)極度貧困的目標(biāo)本身就是我們所做的一切工作的道德基礎(chǔ)。在2022年的今天還有10多億人每天生活費(fèi)不到1.25美元，這是我們道德良心上的一個(gè)恥辱。我們必須幫助人民擺脫貧困，一刻不能耽擱，不帶任何成見，不管是何種情況、什么地方。

our second goal of boosting shared prosperity is more comple_, but relevant to the entire world. the protests during the arab spring, and the more recent ones in turkey, brazil, and south africa were rooted in the universal desire to participate in the global middle class.

我們促進(jìn)共享繁榮的第二個(gè)目標(biāo)更為復(fù)雜，但也與全世界都直接相關(guān)。阿拉伯之春期間的抗議活動(dòng)，以及最近在土耳其、巴西和南非發(fā)生的抗議活動(dòng)，都植根于一種躋身全球中產(chǎn)階級的普遍愿望。

today, leaders around the world realize that boosting shared prosperity for the bottom 40 percent is becoming more and more critical to ensure stability. it used to be that much of this discontent boiled under the surface. but social media has created an enormous “virtual middle class,” as thomas friedman has called it, who will continue to knock on, and then break down, the door of opportunity.

今天，世界各國的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人都意識到，促進(jìn)底層40%的人口共享繁榮對于確保穩(wěn)定變得日益重要。在過去，許多不滿情緒在社會(huì)表層下沸騰。但社交媒體創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)巨大的、被托馬斯·弗里德曼稱為“虛擬的中間階層”的群體，這個(gè)階層會(huì)繼續(xù)叩響然后打破機(jī)遇之門。

the lesson is that we should pay much more attention to whether growth reaches all the population, and not just the elite. one way to do so is by looking beyond the overall gdp growth; we need to directly monitor income gains among the bottom 40 percent. economic progress must also be environmentally and financially sustainable over generations.

一個(gè)教訓(xùn)是我們應(yīng)當(dāng)更多地關(guān)注增長是否惠及全體人民而不僅僅是特權(quán)階層。要做到這一點(diǎn)，一個(gè)辦法就是不能只看總體的gdp增長指標(biāo);我們需要直接監(jiān)測底層40%的收入增長。經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)步還需要在環(huán)境上和財(cái)政上具有可持續(xù)性，延續(xù)到子孫后代。

so how can incomes of the less fortunate increase in a sustained way? there is more than one path to shared prosperity. one path is through increased opportunities driven by greater economic growth. another is through a stable social contract, which focuses on raising the living standards of the poor and the disadvantaged. both paths can lead to improved opportunities for citizens if societies can become more dynamic and productive with greater room for social mobility.

那么怎樣才能以持續(xù)的方式增加貧困人口的收入呢?通向共同繁榮的路不止一條。一條路是通過經(jīng)濟(jì)增長創(chuàng)造更多機(jī)會(huì)。另一條路是通過穩(wěn)定的社會(huì)契約，重點(diǎn)提高貧困弱勢人群的生活水平。如果社會(huì)更有活力，有更高的生產(chǎn)力，為社會(huì)流動(dòng)性提供更大空間，那么這兩種道路就都能為公民帶來更多更好的機(jī)會(huì)。

reaching our first goal of ending e_treme poverty by 2030 will not only be historic. it will be e_traordinarily difficult. today, our economists estimate that the number of poor people hovers at just over one billion people, or 150 million fewer than in 2022.

達(dá)到我們的第一項(xiàng)目標(biāo)——到2030年終結(jié)極度貧困——不僅僅是具有歷史意義的，而且是異常困難的。今天，我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家估計(jì)貧困人口的人數(shù)徘徊在略稍高于10億，比2022年少1.5億。

we are making progress, but nothing is assured in this battle, and it will get much tougher the closer we get to the goal. global growth could be slower than historic trends. disasters driven by a changing climate could reverse years of development success. investors could become even more skittish. long-term financing for much needed infrastructure – already scarce – could dry up.

我們正在取得進(jìn)步，但在這場斗爭中沒有什么是確定無疑的，而且我們越是接近目標(biāo)，困難也會(huì)越大。全球增長速度可能會(huì)低于歷史趨勢。氣候變化造成的災(zāi)害可能扭轉(zhuǎn)多年的發(fā)展成果。投資者有可能會(huì)變得膽小?；A(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)急需的長期融資已很稀缺，還有可能枯竭。

at the world bank group, our two goals require us to deliver results for people. as dr. martin luther king jr. once said, our goals must be “transformed from thin paper to thick action.” what will we do—all of us—to translate our plans into effective action to end poverty?

在世界銀行集團(tuán)，這兩大目標(biāo)要求我們?yōu)槿藗內(nèi)〉们袑?shí)成效。馬丁·路德·金博士曾經(jīng)說過，我們的目標(biāo)必須“從一頁薄紙變?yōu)槟_踏實(shí)地的行動(dòng)”。我們將如何將計(jì)劃轉(zhuǎn)化為終結(jié)貧困的有效行動(dòng)呢?

a world bank group strategy

世界銀行集團(tuán)的戰(zhàn)略

our answer is that for the first time, we have a strategy that will bring together the entire world bank group – the bank, which works with governments; the ifc, our private sector arm; and the multilateral investment guarantee agency, or miga, which provides political risk insurance. we just released it a few days ago. never before have we defined a strategy that gives us a comprehensive roadmap to guide all parts of our institution around common goals and principles.

我們的回答是，我們第一次有了一個(gè)將整個(gè)世界銀行集團(tuán)統(tǒng)一起來的戰(zhàn)略，包括與各國政府合作的世行;包括我們的私營部門窗口國際金融公司(ifc);也包括提供政治風(fēng)險(xiǎn)擔(dān)保的多邊投資擔(dān)保機(jī)構(gòu)。我們幾天前剛剛發(fā)布這一文件。我們過去從未制定過這樣一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的戰(zhàn)略，給予我們一個(gè)圍繞共同目標(biāo)和原則指導(dǎo)機(jī)構(gòu)所有部門工作的全面路線圖。

why is this important? bureaucracies sometimes operate in ways that keep people away from each other. they tend to create self-enclosed areas of influence. these areas become well-guarded bunkers, or silos. i know something about silos. i grew up in iowa, and we had lots of them. those silos of corn stood starkly alone, especially during those long cold winters. silos perform a critical function in the cornfields of iowa but they have no place at the world bank group.

為什么這一點(diǎn)很重要?官僚機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)作方式有時(shí)讓人們相互隔離。他們往往創(chuàng)造自我封閉的勢力范圍。這些勢力范圍成為戒備森嚴(yán)的碉堡或者筒倉。我對筒倉有所了解，我在愛荷華州長大，我們那里有很多筒倉。那些貯存玉米的筒倉孤零零地站在地里，特別是在漫長的冬季。筒倉在愛荷華的玉米田里發(fā)揮著重要作用，但在世界銀行集團(tuán)沒有它們的位置。

how can we – or any other large organization – meet our highest aspirations of serving the poor if we work in a collection of silos? we need to connect the brilliant minds in our institution so that their knowledge flows freely.

如果人們各自在一堆筒倉里工作，我們——或者任何其他大型組織——怎么能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)為窮人服務(wù)的的最高理想呢?我們需要讓我們機(jī)構(gòu)中的出類拔萃之輩對接，使他們的知識自由流動(dòng)。

the world bank group strategy is based on the conviction that the entire organization will work and together as a seamless whole to achieve our inspiring goals. and we know that if we are to have any chance to succeed, we must be selective – first, we must choose our priorities and then, abandon those activities that don’t make the cut.

世界銀行集團(tuán)的戰(zhàn)略是基于這樣一種信念，即整個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)將齊心協(xié)力、團(tuán)結(jié)一致地實(shí)現(xiàn)我們的目標(biāo)。我們也知道，要想取得成功，我們必須具有選擇性——首先要選擇我們的優(yōu)先重點(diǎn)，然后是放棄那些非優(yōu)先領(lǐng)域的活動(dòng)。

what will we stop doing? we won’t continue working in areas in which others are better. we won’t enter projects for the sole purpose of meeting volume targets for the year. we won’t take on projects just to plant our flag on the ground. and we won’t tolerate behavior that promotes individual interests over the common good.

我們將要停止做哪些事呢?我們將不會(huì)繼續(xù)從事那些別人更擅長的領(lǐng)域。我們不會(huì)僅僅出于要完成年度貸款額指標(biāo)而開展項(xiàng)目。我們不會(huì)僅僅為了插上我們的旗子而開展項(xiàng)目。而且，我們絕不容忍將個(gè)人私利置于公共利益之上的行為。

so what are our principles?

那么我們的原則是什么?

we will ensure that all our activities have a relentless focus on our two goals.

我們將確保我們的一切活動(dòng)都堅(jiān)持不懈地專注于我們的兩大目標(biāo)。

we will become better partners to others so that together we can achieve those goals.

我們將更好地與其他方面合作來實(shí)現(xiàn)這兩大目標(biāo)。

we will be bold.

我們將勇往直前。

we will take risks –smart risks. and by that, i mean we will invest in projects that can help transform the development of a country or a region – even if it means we might fail.

我們將勇于冒險(xiǎn)——聰明地冒險(xiǎn)。我的意思是，我們將投資于那些可能有助于改變一個(gè)國家或者一個(gè)地區(qū)的發(fā)展的項(xiàng)目——即使我們有可能失敗。

we will e_cel at delivering local solutions by taking our global knowledge and making sure it is available to countries and companies that need it.

我們將出色地利用全球知識來提供本地解決方案，并確保那些需要這些知識的國家和企業(yè)都可以獲得這些知識。

we will take advantage of our deep e_perience to lead cutting-edge global practices on issues such as finance, education, health, infrastructure, energy, and water.

我們將利用我們的豐富經(jīng)驗(yàn)，在諸如金融、教育、衛(wèi)生、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、能源和水資源等問題上領(lǐng)導(dǎo)最前沿的全球?qū)嵺`。

we will always look for opportunities to help countries invest in their people. we must help countries become more competitive, and a powerful way for them to do so is by investing in the education, health, and job training of their citizens.

我們將會(huì)不斷尋找機(jī)會(huì)幫助各國投資于人民。我們必須幫助各國提升競爭力，而達(dá)此目的的一個(gè)有效途徑是投資于公民的教育、衛(wèi)生和就業(yè)培訓(xùn)。

and we will look to create innovative financial tools that can open up new opportunities for long-term financing that countries desperately need.

而且我們將尋求開發(fā) 創(chuàng)新型融資工具，開拓提供各國急需的長期資金的新渠道。

making the strategy a reality

將戰(zhàn)略變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)

our strategy calls for us to become a solutions bank with results for the poor as our central benchmark. three elements of the strategy are worth highlighting.

我們的戰(zhàn)略要求我們成為一個(gè)提供解決方案的銀行，以對貧困人口產(chǎn)生的成效作為我們的主要基準(zhǔn)。新戰(zhàn)略有三項(xiàng)內(nèi)容值得強(qiáng)調(diào)。

first, we will partner with the private sector to use their e_pertise and capital to fight poverty. this is particularly important to create good jobs for the poor.

首先，我們將與私營部門聯(lián)手，利用他們的專業(yè)知識和資金來抗擊貧困。這一點(diǎn)對于為貧困人口創(chuàng)造良好的就業(yè)尤為重要。

second, we will increase our commitment to fragile and conflict-affected states, which will require us to be bolder, take more risks, and commit more resources.

第二，我們將加強(qiáng)對脆弱與受沖突影響國家的承諾，這將要求我們更加大膽，承擔(dān)更多風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，投入更多資源。

and third, we will be as ambitious as possible on issues that are of global importance, including investing in women and girls and combatting climate change. our response to climate change, for instance, must be bold enough to match the scope of the problem.

第三，我們在具有全球重要意義的議題上要盡可能雄心勃勃，包括投資于婦女和女童、抗擊氣候變化。例如，我們對氣候變化作出反應(yīng)的力度必須與問題的嚴(yán)重程度相匹配。

creating good jobs

創(chuàng)造良好就業(yè)

on the first element, one of the highest priorities at the world bank group will be to help create jobs. how can we most effectively help regions and individual countries position themselves for private-sector-led job growth? the scope of the challenge is daunting – the world needs to create 600 million new jobs over the ne_t decade.

圍繞第一個(gè)目標(biāo)，世界銀行集團(tuán)的最高優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)之一將是幫助創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。我們?nèi)绾尾拍茏钣行У貛椭嘘P(guān)地區(qū)和國家創(chuàng)造最佳條件來促進(jìn)私營部門主導(dǎo)的就業(yè)增長?這是一項(xiàng)十分艱巨的挑戰(zhàn)—— 全球需要在未來十年內(nèi)創(chuàng)造6億個(gè)新的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。

a critical pathway out of poverty for the poor is through providing an open and transparent connection to local and global markets. this access can unlock entrepreneurial potential for millions.

幫助窮人擺脫貧困的一條重要途徑是以公開透明的方式將他們與本地市場和全球市場聯(lián)系起來。這種對市場的參與可以釋放億萬民眾的創(chuàng)業(yè)潛力。

for e_ample, one of ifc’s clients, ecom, connects cocoa, coffee and cotton farmers in over 30 countries to global markets. last year, ecom helped more than 134,000 farmers and thousands more through farmer organizations.

例如，國際金融公司的客戶ecom將30多個(gè)國家里種植可可、咖啡和棉花的農(nóng)戶與全球市場連接起來。去年，ecom向13.4萬農(nóng)民提供了幫助，并通過農(nóng)民組織幫助了更多人。

we also are e_panding our group of partners to include those which are pioneering new business models. just two weeks ago, i met jack ma, the founder of alibaba, a chinese firm that, among other things, accounted for 60 percent of the 8.8 billion packages mailed inside china last year. he showed me his black canvas shoes, which were made by a woman in a small village in china. alibaba was able to drive logistics prices so low that this woman could market her shoes and ship them anywhere in china at a better price than the local shoe store. in just a few years, alibaba has fostered the creation or growth of over 6 million small and medium enterprises in china.

我們也在擴(kuò)大合作伙伴的范圍，吸納那些開拓新商業(yè)模式的企業(yè)。就在兩周前，我會(huì)晤了中國阿里巴巴公司的創(chuàng)始人馬云，這家企業(yè)在去年中國境內(nèi)郵寄的88億個(gè)快件中占60%。他給我看他穿的黑色帆布鞋，這是中國一個(gè)小村里的婦女做的。阿里巴巴能夠使物流價(jià)格降到如此之低，使這名婦女有可能把她做的鞋銷售到中國任何地方，價(jià)格還低于本地的鞋店。在短短幾年中，阿里巴巴扶持了中國600多萬個(gè)中小企業(yè)的創(chuàng)業(yè)和成長。

that is an e_ample of a transformational business model. but there are many environments that alibaba and other companies stay away from. we at the world bank group serve as a trusted advisor to the private sector, and that often means we will be the first to venture into a risky environment in order to make others feel more comfortable to invest. we know that there are several trillion dollars managed by sovereign wealth funds and institutional investors; much of it is sitting on the sidelines in low-performing funds. so we will actively work to find new ways to attract these private funds to developing country projects. one recent e_ample was our launch of the managed co-lending portfolio program in china. the chinese government agreed to invest $3 billion, alongside ifc; other countries are e_pressing interest in joining the program.

這是一個(gè)具有變革意義的商業(yè)模式的例子。但也有很多環(huán)境是阿里巴巴和其他企業(yè)避之不及的。我們世界銀行集團(tuán)是私營部門可信賴的顧問，這往往意味著我們會(huì)率先冒險(xiǎn)進(jìn)入一個(gè)有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的環(huán)境，目的是讓他人更放心地投資。我們知道主權(quán)財(cái)富基金和機(jī)構(gòu)投資者管理著數(shù)萬億美元，其中很大一部分閑置在表現(xiàn)不佳的基金里。因此，我們將積極努力尋找新的方式來吸引這些私募基金投資發(fā)展中國家的項(xiàng)目。最近的一個(gè)例子是我們在中國啟動(dòng)了管理聯(lián)合貸款組合計(jì)劃。政府同意投資30億美元，與國際金融公司聯(lián)手合作;其他國家也表示有興趣加入該計(jì)劃。

a priority on fragile states

重點(diǎn)關(guān)注脆弱國家

the second e_ample of our strategy involves our commitment to taking risks in some of the most troubled places in the world: fragile and conflict-affected states.

關(guān)于我們戰(zhàn)略的第二個(gè)例子涉及到我們承諾在世界上問題最多的地區(qū)——脆弱和受沖突影響的國家——承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

earlier this year, un secretary general ban ki-moon and i traveled to the great lakes region of africa to support the peace, security, and cooperation framework, signed by 11 countries. the region has been in a state of war for more than two decades, and rebel groups in the eastern congo started a new battle a few days before we arrived. just a couple of hours before we arrived in goma, the groups called a cease-fire. despite the tension, crowds of people, most of them women, lined the roads from the un base to a local hospital. they cheered our convoy. but they also held high signs that spoke of the deep trauma they have e_perienced. i’ll never forget one woman’s sign. it said simply: stop the rape. indeed.

今年早些時(shí)候，聯(lián)合國秘書長潘基文和我訪問了非洲大湖地區(qū)，以表示對11個(gè)國家簽署的《和平、安全和合作框架》的支持。該地區(qū)20多年來長期處于戰(zhàn)爭狀態(tài)，就在我們到達(dá)前數(shù)日，剛果東部地區(qū)的叛亂組織又燃起了新的戰(zhàn)火。在我們的飛機(jī)降落在戈馬幾小時(shí)前，叛亂組織宣布?；?。盡管局勢緊張，大批的人群——大部分是婦女——從聯(lián)合國基地沿途一直排到一家本地醫(yī)院，他們對我們的車隊(duì)歡呼，但他們也高舉著標(biāo)語牌，表達(dá)他們所遭遇的深深創(chuàng)傷。我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了一名婦女手持的標(biāo)語牌上寫著：停止奸。

we must move much more quickly, more urgently, to create peace dividends for countries emerging from years of conflict. we know that you can’t have development without peace. but too often we forget that peace won’t last without development. in the great lakes region, we moved quickly to amass an additional $1 billion assistance package to help the region. shortly after our visit, the bank’s board approved $340 million to help finance the rusumo falls run of the river hydroelectric project to bring power to millions of people.

我們必須更快速、更緊迫地行動(dòng)起來，為剛剛走出多年沖突戰(zhàn)亂的國家創(chuàng)造和平紅利。我們知道，沒有和平就沒有發(fā)展。但是我們常常忘記，如果沒有發(fā)展，和平也難以持久。對大湖地區(qū)，我們迅速調(diào)動(dòng)了10億美元的追加援助一攬子計(jì)劃，為該地區(qū)提供幫助。我們訪問后不久，世行董事會(huì)批準(zhǔn)拿出3.4億美元資金支持魯蘇莫瀑布河水電項(xiàng)目，為數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的人送去電力。

today, i pledge to significantly increase our support to fragile and conflict-affected states. i hope to increase the share of ida core financing – the bank’s fund for the poorest – to fragile states by about 50 percent in the ne_t three years. ifc, our private sector arm, also will commit to increasing its support for fragile states by 50 percent over the ne_t three years.

今天，我在這里明確承諾將大大增加對脆弱和受沖突影響國家的支持。我希望在今后三年中將國際開發(fā)協(xié)會(huì)貸款(世界銀行對最窮國的基金)對脆弱國家的支持份額提高50%。我們的私營部門機(jī)構(gòu)ifc也承諾在未來三年將其對脆弱國家的支持提高50%。

the challenge of climate change

氣候變化的挑戰(zhàn)

the third and final e_ample of our strategy is directly related to our shared prosperity goal. shared means not only making sure that those at the bottom are part of the growth process, but also that growth will not come at the e_pense of future generations. we need to share the planet and its resources with our children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren, and that means we must have a bold plan to combat climate change.

我們戰(zhàn)略的第三個(gè)也是最后一個(gè)例子直接關(guān)系到我們共享繁榮的目標(biāo)。共享意味著不僅要確保那些身處底層的人成為增長過程的一部分，而且增長不能以犧牲子孫后代為代價(jià)。我們需要和我們的孩子、孫子、重孫共享地球及其資源，這意味著我們必須有一個(gè)對抗氣候變化的宏偉計(jì)劃。

climate change poses a fundamental threat to development in our lifetime. it has the potential to put prosperity out of reach for millions of people. every region of the world will be affected, and those least able to adapt–the poor and most vulnerable–will be hit hardest. if we want to end e_treme poverty, we have to build resilient communities and mitigate shocks, like climate disasters, so that poor people can make gains in their lives–and keep those gains for the long term.

氣候變化帶在我們的有生之年對發(fā)展構(gòu)成了根本性的威脅，有可能使億萬人無法享受繁榮。世界各個(gè)地區(qū)無一幸免，那些適應(yīng)能力最差的人群 ——窮人和最脆弱的人群 ——受害最大。如果想要終結(jié)極度貧困，我們就必須建立具有韌性的社區(qū)，緩解諸如氣候?yàn)?zāi)難等沖擊，從而讓窮人能夠有所收益，并長期保持這些收益。

tackling climate change is not an effort that governments can take on alone. we need a response that brings together governments, private sector, civil society, and individuals, following a coordinated, ambitious plan. we can help in many ways, but perhaps most fruitfully by highlighting the increasing costs of climate change and by mobilizing climate finance from the public and private sectors.

應(yīng)對氣候變化不僅是政府單方面的努力。我們需要制定一項(xiàng)協(xié)調(diào)的雄心勃勃的計(jì)劃，聯(lián)合政府、私營部門、民間團(tuán)體和個(gè)人共同作出回應(yīng)。我們可以從許多方面提供幫助，但也許最有成效的作法是就氣候變化不斷上升的成本提出警告，并動(dòng)員來自公共和私營部門的氣候融資。

the economic costs of e_treme weather events are stunning. coastal city flooding costs $6 billion a year today, but could reach $1 trillion a year by 2050. investing $50 billion a year in protection would avoid those costs, and free up $950 billion every year to invest in better schools, hospitals, and social safety nets.

極端氣候事件的經(jīng)濟(jì)成本是驚人的。目前沿海城市每年洪災(zāi)造成的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失高達(dá)60億美元，而到2050年可能達(dá)到每年近1萬億美元。每年投資$500億美元加強(qiáng)防護(hù)就可以避免這些損失，省下的$9500億美元就可以用來改善學(xué)校、醫(yī)院和社會(huì)安全網(wǎng)。

today, i am committing the world bank group to direct a greater share of our own financing toward this battle and also to work with all partners interested in working on this problem in a serious way.

今天，我承諾世界銀行集團(tuán)將從世行資金中拿出更大份額用來抗擊氣候變化，同時(shí)也將與所有愿意認(rèn)真解決這個(gè)問題的各方開展合作。

clean energy is our starting point. we will bring together knowledge, best practice, and financial support for countries to address the high costs and policy barriers for the adoption of cleaner energy solutions. we are on track to complete renewable energy resource mapping in at least ten countries over the ne_t three years. we will enable energy subsidy reforms in at least 12 countries and work with partners to create new business models for cooking and lighting that utilize the rapidly improving technology of microgrids. i would also like to see at least 10,000 megawatts of additional capacity installed globally with our direct support in three years — that’s equivalent to the entire installed capacity of peru.

清潔能源是我們的起點(diǎn)。我們將集中知識、最佳實(shí)踐和財(cái)政支持，幫助各國解決采用清潔能源解決方案的高昂成本和政策障礙。我們正在開展工作，幫助至少10個(gè)國家在未來三年完成可再生能源資源地圖繪制。我們將幫助至少12個(gè)國家開展能源補(bǔ)貼改革，并與合作伙伴共同創(chuàng)建新的商業(yè)模式，利用迅速改進(jìn)的微電網(wǎng)技術(shù)解決做飯和照明。我也希望看到通過我們的直接支持，三年內(nèi)在全球范圍至少增加1萬兆瓦的裝機(jī)容量，這相當(dāng)于秘魯?shù)娜垦b機(jī)容量。

conclusion

結(jié)束語

we can reach our goals of ending poverty, boosting shared prosperity, and sharing that prosperity with future generations – but only if we work together with an altogether different sense of urgency. as i mentioned earlier, we must build a social movement to end poverty.

我們可以達(dá)到終結(jié)貧困和促進(jìn)共享繁榮并與子孫后代共享繁榮的目標(biāo) ，但前提是我們要共同努力，并且要有很強(qiáng)的緊迫感。正如我前面提到的，我們必須開展一場終結(jié)貧困的社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)。

just si_ months ago, the board of governors for the world bank group laid a foundation for a social movement by endorsing our two goals and declaring that we can end e_treme poverty by 2030. now we are seeing interest from all corners. political leaders, including president obama and uk prime minister david cameron, are calling for an end to poverty. faith-based groups such as world vision are calling for an end to poverty. the one campaign, o_fam, save the children, results, and many other civil society groups are calling for an end to poverty. and young people are calling for an end to poverty.

短短半年前，世界銀行集團(tuán)理事會(huì)批準(zhǔn)了我們的兩大目標(biāo)，并宣布到2030年我們能夠終結(jié)極度貧困。這為開展一場社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)打下了基礎(chǔ)?，F(xiàn)在我們看到各方面對此都有興趣。政界領(lǐng)袖、包括美國總統(tǒng)和英國首相戴維·卡梅倫都在呼吁終結(jié)貧困。世界宣明會(huì)等宗教組織也在呼吁終結(jié)貧困。統(tǒng)一行動(dòng)、樂施會(huì)、拯救兒童基金會(huì)、results以及許多其他民間社會(huì)團(tuán)體都在呼吁終結(jié)貧困。年輕人 ——像你們這些喬治·華盛頓大學(xué) 的莘莘學(xué)子—— 也在呼吁終結(jié)貧困。

just this past weekend, 60,000 people gathered on the great lawn of central park to watch the global citizens festival, which rallied around the goal of zero poverty by 2030. i ask all of you here today – join this movement. propel it forward. there are many things you can do – and one you can do from your seats on your smartphones right now: log on to the global poverty project website — , that’s — and sign a petition to end poverty in a generation. let world leaders know that this is an issue of fundamental importance to you.

在剛剛過去的這個(gè)周末，6萬人聚集在中央公園的大草坪上觀看全球公民節(jié)，目標(biāo)就是到2030年實(shí)現(xiàn)零貧困。我懇請今天在座的各位加入到這場運(yùn)動(dòng)中來。推動(dòng)這場運(yùn)動(dòng)向前發(fā)展。你們有很多事情可以做，有一件事你們馬上就可以在座位上通過智能手機(jī)來做：登錄到全球貧困項(xiàng)目網(wǎng)站：，我再重復(fù)一遍：，簽署一份在一代人時(shí)間內(nèi)終結(jié)貧困的呼吁書。告訴世界各國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，這對你來說是一個(gè)至關(guān)重要的問題。

our goals are clear at the world bank group. end e_treme poverty by 2030. boost prosperity and ensure that it is shared with the bottom 40 percent and with future generations. we have an opportunity to bend the arc of history and commit ourselves to do something that other generations have only dreamed of. at the central park concert, i called up my four-year-old son, nico, to join me on stage. it was a way to make this goal tangible. when nico is my height and a senior in college like some of you, we could hand over to him and his classmates a world free of e_treme poverty.

世界銀行的目標(biāo)是明確的。到2030年終結(jié)極度貧困。推動(dòng)繁榮，并確保底層40%的人以及子孫后代可以共享繁榮。我們面臨著一個(gè)歷史性機(jī)遇來完成一項(xiàng)前輩人夢寐以求的事業(yè)。在中央公園的演唱會(huì)上，我叫了4歲的兒子尼科一起上臺，這可以使我們的目標(biāo)更清晰可見——當(dāng)尼科長到和我一樣高時(shí)，到他像你們一樣上大學(xué)四年級時(shí)，我們將交給他和他的同學(xué)們一個(gè)消除了極度貧困的世界。

this is the defining moral issue of our time. we cannot let over a billion people suffer in e_treme poverty when we have the tools and the resources to change their lives for the better. we cannot allow the bottom 40 percent of the population be denied opportunities for jobs, health, and education. we can do better. we have to do better, for nico, for four year olds all over the world and for all future generations. for some problems like climate change, time is of the essence, but to quote martin luther king again, the time is always ripe to do right. now’s the time and we are the people. let’s make it happen.

這是我們這個(gè)時(shí)代最重大的道德問題。我們有工具和資源來改善10億多極端貧困人口的生活，不能坐視他們飽受貧困之苦。我們不能允許底層40%的人被剝奪就業(yè)、醫(yī)療和教育機(jī)會(huì)。我們能做得更好。我們必須做得更好——為了尼科，為了世界上所有像他這么大的孩子，也為了子孫后代。對氣候變化這樣的問題，時(shí)間是最重要的一個(gè)因素。讓我再次引用馬丁·路德·金的話，“做正確的事情的時(shí)機(jī)總是成熟的?！睍r(shí)不我待，我們必須采取行動(dòng)。讓我們行動(dòng)起來，將目標(biāo)變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)。

thank you very much.

謝謝各位。

第5篇 布什在華盛頓宣布競選獲勝的演講

布什在華盛頓宣布競選獲勝的演講

the president：thank you all. thank you all for coming. we had a long night——and a great night.（applause.）the voters turned out in record numbers and delivered an historic victory.（applause.）

earlier today，senator kerry called with his congratulations. we had a really good phone call，he was very gracious. senator kerry waged a spirited campaign，and he and his supporters can be proud of their efforts.（applause.）laura and i wish senator kerry and teresa and their whole family all our best wishes.

america has spoken，and i‘m humbled by the trust and the confidence of my fellow citizens. with that trust comes a duty to serve all americans，and i will do my best to fulfill that duty every day as your president.there are many people to thank，and my family comes first.（applause.）laura is the love of my life.（applause.）i‘m glad you love her，too.（laughter.）i want to thank our daughters，who joined their dad for his last campaign.（applause.）i appreciate the hard work of my sister and my brothers. i especially want to thank my parents for their loving support.i‘m grateful to the vice president and lynne and their daughters，who have worked so hard and been such a vital part of our team.（applause.）the vice president serves america with wisdom and honor，and i’m proud to serve beside him.（applause.）

i want to thank my superb campaign team. i want to thank you all for your hard work.（applause.）i was impressed every day by how hard and how skillful our team was. i want to thank marc——chairman marc racicot and——（applause）——the campaign manager，ken mehlman.（applause.）and the architect，karl rove.（applause.）i want to thank ed gillespie for leading our party so well.（applause.）

i want to thank the thousands of our supporters across our country. i want to thank you for your hugs on the rope lines；i want to thank you for your prayers on the rope lines；i want to thank you for your kind words on the rope lines. i want to thank you for everything you did to make the calls and to put up the signs，to talk to your neighbors and to get out the vote.（applause.）and because you did the incredible work，we are celebrating today.（applause.）there‘s an old saying，“do not pray for tasks equal to your powers；pray for powers equal to your tasks.”in four historic years，america has been given great tasks，and faced them with strength and courage. our people have restored the vigor of this economy，and shown resolve and patience in a new kind of war. our military has brought justice to the enemy，and honor to america.（applause.）our nation has defended itself，and served the freedom of all mankind. i’m proud to lead such an amazing country，and i‘m proud to lead it forward.（applause.）

because we have done the hard work，we are entering a season of hope. we‘ll continue our economic progress. we’ll reform our outdated ta_ code. we‘ll strengthen the social security for the ne_t generation. we’ll make public schools all they can be. and we will uphold our deepest values of family and faith.

we will help the emerging democracies of iraq and afghanistan——（applause）——so they can grow in strength and defend their freedom. and then our servicemen and women will come home with the honor they have earned.（applause.）with good allies at our side，we will fight this war on terror with every resource of our national power so our children can live in freedom and in peace.（applause.）

reaching these goals will require the broad support of americans. so today i want to speak to every person who voted for my opponent：to make this nation stronger and better i will need your support，and i will work to earn it. i will do all i can do to deserve your trust. a new term is a new opportunity to reach out to the whole nation. we have one country，one constitution and one future that binds us. and when we come together and work together，there is no limit to the greatness of america.（applause.）

let me close with a word to the people of the state of te_as.（applause.）we have known each other the longest，and you started me on this journey. on the open plains of te_as，i first learned the character of our country：sturdy and honest，and as hopeful as the break of day. i will always be grateful to the good people of my state. and whatever the road that lies ahead，that road will take me home.

the campaign has ended，and the united states of america goes forward with confidence and faith. i see a great day coming for our country and i am eager for the work ahead. god bless you，and may god bless america.（applause.）

第6篇 一位美國華盛頓大學(xué)學(xué)生的畢業(yè)演講稿

student speech delivered at the washington university engineering graduate student recognition ceremony15 may 1997lorrie faith cranorfaculty, family, friends, and fellow graduates, good evening.

i am honored to address you tonight. on behalf of the graduating masters and doctoral students of washington university's school of engineering and applied science, i would like to thank all the parents, spouses, families, and friends who encouraged and supported us as we worked towards our graduate degrees. i would especially like to thank my own family, eight members of which are in the audience today. i would also like to thank all of the department secretaries and other engineering school staff members who always seemed to be there when confused graduate students needed help. and finally i would like to thank the washington university faculty members who served as our instructors, mentors, and friends.

as i think back on the seven-and-a-half years i spent at washington university, my mind is filled with memories, happy, sad, frustrating, and even humorous.

tonight i would like to share with you some of the memories that i take with me as i leave washington university.

i take with me the memory of my office on the fourth floor of lopata hall - the room at the end of the hallway that was too hot in summer, too cold in winter, and always too far away from the women's restroom. the window was my office's best feature. were it not for the physics building across the way, it would have afforded me a clear view of the arch. but instead i got a view of the roof of the physics building. i also had a view of one corner of the roof of urbauer hall, which seemed to be a favorite perch for various species of birds who alternately won perching rights for several weeks at a time. and i had a nice view of the physics courtyard, noteworthy as a good place for watching people run their dogs. it's amazing how fascinating these views became the longer i worked on my dissertation. but my favorite view was of a nearby oak tree. from my fourth-floor vantage point i had a rather intimate view of the tree and the various birds and squirrels that inhabit it. occasionally a bird would land on my window sill, which usually had the effect of startling both of us.

i take with me the memory of two young professors who passed away while i was a graduate student. anne johnstone, the only female professor from whom i took a course in the engineering school, and bob durr, a political science professor and a member of my dissertation committee, both lost brave battles with cancer. i remember them fondly.

i take with me the memory of failing the first e_am in one of the first engineering courses i took as an undergraduate. i remember thinking the course was just too hard for me and that i would never be able to pass it. so i went to talk to the professor, ready to drop the class. and he told me not to give up, he told me i could succeed in his class. for reasons that seemed completely ludicrous at the time, he said he had faith in me. and after that my grades in the class slowly improved, and i ended the semester with an a on the final e_am. i remember how motivational it was to know that someone believed in me.

i take with me memories of the midwestern friendliness that so surprised me when i arrived in st. louis 8 years ago. since moving to new jersey, i am sad to say, nobody has asked me where i went to high school.

i take with me the memory of the short-lived computer science graduate student social committee lunches. the idea was that groups of cs grad students were supposed to take turns cooking a monthly lunch. but after one grad student prepared a pot of chicken that poisoned almost the entire cs grad student population and one unlucky faculty member in one fell swoop, there wasn't much enthusiasm for having more lunches.

i take with me the memory of a more successful graduate student effort, the establishment of the association of graduate engineering students, known as ages. started by a handful of engineering graduate students because we needed a way to elect representatives to a campus-wide graduate student government, ages soon grew into an organization that now sponsors a wide variety of activities and has been instrumental in addressing a number of engineering graduate student concerns.

i take with me the memory of an engineering and policy department that once had flourishing programs for full-time undergraduate, masters, and doctoral students.

i take with me memories of the 1992 u.s. presidential debate. eager to get involved in all the e_citement i volunteered to help wherever needed. i remember spending several days in the makeshift debate hq giving out-of-town reporters directions to the athletic comple_. i remember being thrilled to get assigned the job of collecting film from the photographers in the debate hall during the debate. and i remember the disappointment of drawing the shortest straw among the student volunteers and being the one who had to take the film out of the debate hall and down to the dark room five minutes into the debate - with no chance to re-enter the debate hall after i left.

i take with me memories of university holidays which never seemed to apply to graduate students. i remember spending many a fall break and president's day holiday with my fellow grad students in all day meetings brought to us by the computer science department.

i take with me memories of e_ams that seemed designed more to test endurance and perseverance than mastery of the subject matter. i managed to escape taking any classes that featured infamous 24-hour-take-home e_ams, but remember the suffering of my less fortunate colleagues. and what doctoral student could forget the pain and suffering one must endure to survive the qualifying e_ams?

i take with me the memory of the seven-minute rule, which always seemed to be an acceptable e_cuse for being ten minutes late for anything on campus, but which doesn't seem to apply anywhere else i go.

i take with me the memory of friday afternoon acm happy hours, known not for kegs of beer, but rather bowls of rainbow sherbet punch. over the several years that i attended these happy hours they enjoyed varying degrees of popularity, often proportional to the quality and quantity of the accompanying refreshments - but there was always the rainbow sherbert punch.

i take with me memories of purple parking permits, the west campus shuttle, checking my pendafle_, over-due library books, trying to print from cec, lunches on delmar, friends who slept in their offices, miniature golf in lopata hall, the greenway talk, division iii basketball, and trying to convince dean russel that yet another engineering school rule should be changed.

finally, i would like to conclude, not with a memory, but with some advice. what would a graduation speech be without a little advice, right? anyway, this advice comes in the form of a verse delivered to the 1977 graduating class of lake forest college by theodore seuss geisel, better known to the world as dr. seuss - here's how it goes:

my uncle ordered popovers

must spit out the air!'

and . . .

as you partake of the world's bill of fare,

that's darned good advice to follow.

do a lot of spitting out the hot air.

and be careful what you swallow.

thank you.